Discuss the background of history of special education, why do people have negative attitude towards person with disabilities? With references. Gives five pages
The history of special education in the United States can be traced back to the early 19th century, when institutions were created to provide specialized education for students who were blind, deaf, or intellectually disabled. Initially, these institutions were focused on providing care and custodial services rather than education. Over time, however, there was a growing recognition that students with disabilities could benefit from specialized instruction tailored to their needs.
The development of special education as a formalized field of study and practice can be attributed to several key milestones. In 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA), now known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), was passed. This landmark legislation mandated that all children with disabilities are entitled to a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. This marked a significant shift in the way students with disabilities were perceived and treated within the education system.
Despite the progress that has been made in the field of special education, negative attitudes towards individuals with disabilities continue to persist. There are several reasons for this negative attitude, including lack of understanding, fear of the unknown, and societal stigma.
One reason for negative attitudes towards people with disabilities is a lack of understanding. Many people are not exposed to individuals with disabilities on a regular basis and may not be familiar with the challenges they face. This lack of exposure can lead to ignorance and misconceptions about disabilities, which can contribute to negative attitudes.
Fear of the unknown is another factor that can contribute to negative attitudes towards people with disabilities. Many people are uncomfortable with things that they do not understand, and disabilities can be a source of anxiety for some individuals. This fear can manifest in attitudes of avoidance, pity, or even hostility towards individuals with disabilities.
Societal stigma is also a significant factor in shaping negative attitudes towards people with disabilities. Historically, individuals with disabilities have been marginalized and discriminated against in society. This stigma can lead to stereotypes and prejudices that reinforce negative attitudes towards people with disabilities.
In order to address negative attitudes towards people with disabilities, it is important to promote awareness, understanding, and acceptance. Education plays a crucial role in changing attitudes towards individuals with disabilities. By increasing exposure to individuals with disabilities and promoting positive portrayals in media and popular culture, it is possible to challenge stereotypes and misconceptions.
In conclusion, the history of special education in the United States has evolved over time to recognize the rights and needs of individuals with disabilities. Despite this progress, negative attitudes towards people with disabilities continue to exist due to lack of understanding, fear of the unknown, and societal stigma. By promoting awareness, understanding, and acceptance, it is possible to challenge negative attitudes and create a more inclusive and supportive society for individuals with disabilities.
References:
- Turnbull, H. R., Wilcox, B. R., & Stowe, M. (2018). Exceptional lives: Special education in today's schools. Pearson.
- Harry, B., & Klingner, J. K. (2006). Why are so many minority students in special education?: Understanding race & disability in schools. Teachers College Press.
- Michigan Alliance for Families. (n.d.). Changing attitudes towards disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.michiganallianceforfamilies.org/changing-attitudes-towards-disabilities/