Early civilization of China
The early civilization of China dates back over 4,000 years. It is believed to have started along the Yellow River, also known as the Huang He, in present-day China. This early civilization is often referred to as the Shang Dynasty, which ruled from around 1600 BCE to 1046 BCE.
During the Shang Dynasty, the Chinese developed a system of writing, known as oracle bone script, which was used for divination purposes. They also developed bronze casting techniques, creating intricate bronze vessels and weapons that showcased their advanced metalworking skills.
The Shang Dynasty was a highly stratified society, with the king at the top, followed by nobles and warriors, and then a large working class population. The ruling class lived in palaces and had elaborate rituals and ceremonies. They believed in the existence of deities and practiced ancestor worship.
Agriculture played a vital role in the early civilization of China. The Chinese cultivated crops such as millet, wheat, and rice, and raised animals like pigs and chickens. They also developed irrigation techniques to control the flow of water from the rivers, which helped improve agricultural productivity.
Trade was an important aspect of early Chinese civilization. The Chinese traded with neighboring regions, such as Central Asia, the Korean Peninsula, and Southeast Asia, exchanging goods such as silk, jade, and bronze. This trade helped to spread Chinese culture and influence to other parts of the world.
The early civilization of China also saw advancements in science and technology. The Chinese invented the first seismograph, a device used to detect earthquakes, as well as the compass, which revolutionized navigation. They also developed sophisticated astronomical observations and had an accurate lunar calendar.
Despite its advancements, the Shang Dynasty eventually fell to the Zhou Dynasty in 1046 BCE. Nevertheless, the early civilization of China laid the foundation for the rich cultural and technological heritage that China is known for today.