what do BOTH plant and animal cells
Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells, meaning they have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They also both have a plasma membrane that separates the cell from its environment. Both cell types contain organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and ribosomes. Additionally, both plant and animal cells have cytoplasm, where various cellular processes occur. However, there are also differences between the two cell types, such as the presence of a cell wall in plant cells and the presence of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
what do PLANT cells only have
Plant cells have several unique structures that are not found in animal cells. These include:
1. Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid and protective cell wall made of cellulose. This wall provides support and structure to the cell.
2. Chloroplasts: Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are responsible for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures sunlight and converts it into energy for the plant.
3. Central Vacuole: Plant cells have a large central vacuole that occupies a significant portion of the cytoplasm. This vacuole stores water, ions, sugars, and pigments. It also helps maintain turgor pressure, which is crucial for plant structure and support.
4. Plasmodesmata: Plant cells are interconnected through small channels called plasmodesmata. These channels allow for the exchange of nutrients, water, and signals between neighboring plant cells.
5. Tissues: While animal cells exist as individual units, plant cells are often organized into tissues. These tissues, such as xylem and phloem, perform specific functions to support growth, transportation, and protection in plants.
These unique structures make plant cells specialized for survival and growth in a terrestrial environment.
What is the part of the cell that converts food to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions?
What controls what substances enter and leave the cell?
What captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for the cell?
What provides the cell with support and structure (shape)?
What controls and directs all the cell's activities?
The part of the cell that converts food to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions is the mitochondria. Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell as they produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell.
The plasma membrane, also known as the cell membrane, controls what substances enter and leave the cell. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating the transport of molecules into and out of the cell.
Chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell through the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light energy and helps drive the production of glucose, a form of stored energy in plants.
The cell wall provides the cell with support and structure (shape). It is a rigid layer outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria. The cell wall is made primarily of cellulose in plant cells and helps maintain the cell's shape and protect it from mechanical damage.
The nucleus controls and directs all the cell's activities. It contains the genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for regulating gene expression, cell division, and overall control of cellular functions. The nucleus directs protein synthesis and houses the cell's genetic information.
Both plant and animal cells have several similarities in their basic structures and functions. Here are some common features of both types of cells:
1. Cell Membrane: Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
2. Nucleus: Both types of cells have a nucleus which contains the cell's DNA and controls the cell's activities.
3. Cytoplasm: Both plant and animal cells have cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance that houses various cell organelles and allows for cellular processes to occur.
4. Mitochondria: Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria which are the powerhouses of the cell. They generate energy through the process of cellular respiration.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Plant and animal cells have endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a network of membrane-bound tubules involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.
6. Golgi Apparatus: Both types of cells have Golgi apparatus, which modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell.
7. Ribosomes: Both plant and animal cells have ribosomes which are involved in protein synthesis.
However, there are some notable differences between plant and animal cells as well, primarily related to the presence or absence of certain organelles and structures. For instance:
1. Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall composed of cellulose, which provides structure and support to the cell. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.
2. Chloroplasts: Plant cells contain chloroplasts, responsible for photosynthesis. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts.
3. Central Vacuole: Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste products. Animal cells may have smaller vacuoles, if present at all.
These are some of the key similarities and differences between plant and animal cells.
Both plant and animal cells have certain common features and organelles. Here are some of the similarities between the two:
1. Cell Membrane: Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane that forms a boundary between the cell and its surroundings. It controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell.
2. Nucleus: Both cells have a nucleus, which is the control center of the cell. It contains genetic material (DNA) and regulates cell activities.
3. Cytoplasm: Both cells contain a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm, which holds the organelles in place and allows for various cellular processes to occur.
4. Mitochondria: Plant and animal cells both have mitochondria, which are responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Both cells have a network of membranes called the endoplasmic reticulum. It plays a role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification.
6. Golgi Apparatus: Plant and animal cells both have a Golgi apparatus, which modifies, processes, and packages proteins for transport within and out of the cell.
7. Ribosomes: Both cells have ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
8. Cytoskeleton: Plant and animal cells contain a network of protein filaments called the cytoskeleton, which provides structural support and helps with cell movement.
These are just a few examples of the common features between plant and animal cells. It's important to note that plant cells have additional structures such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole, which are not present in animal cells.