Investigate each statement and select the one that best describes why southwest south America has a dry climate
There are several factors that contribute to the dry climate in southwest South America. The best statement to describe this phenomenon would be:
"The dominant factor causing a dry climate in southwest South America is the presence of the cold Humboldt Current, which creates upwelling of cold water along the coast, inhibiting rainfall."
Other factors that may also contribute to the dry climate in this region include the presence of the Andes Mountains, which create a rain shadow effect and block moisture from reaching the interior, as well as the influence of trade winds. However, the Humboldt Current is the primary driver for the aridity in southwest South America.
To investigate why Southwest South America has a dry climate, we can consider various factors and select the most suitable statement. Here are a few potential statements to analyze:
1. Influence of the Pacific Ocean Currents: One possible reason for the dry climate in Southwest South America is the influence of the Pacific Ocean currents. The cold Humboldt Current, which flows northward along the coast, brings cool oceanic air that suppresses rainfall and results in arid conditions.
2. Rain Shadow Effect: Another potential explanation is the rain shadow effect caused by the Andes Mountains. As moist air masses from the east encounter the mountains, they are forced to rise and cool, resulting in condensation and rainfall on the eastern slopes. However, as the air descends on the western side, it becomes drier, leading to a rain shadow and dry conditions in Southwest South America.
3. Subtropical High-Pressure System: Southwest South America is located within the subtropical high-pressure belt, where sinking air masses dominate. High-pressure systems typically inhibit the formation of clouds and precipitation, contributing to the arid climate in the region.
Considering these statements, the most suitable explanation for the dry climate in Southwest South America is likely the influence of the Pacific Ocean currents and the rain shadow effect caused by the Andes Mountains. These two factors work in tandem to create conditions that limit rainfall and result in aridity in the region.