Roman empire
Byzantine empire
capital at Rome
capital at Constantinople
finally conquered by Ottoman Turks
finally conquered by German barbarians
The Roman Empire was initially centered on Rome, Italy, and eventually expanded to include a vast territory in Europe, Asia, and Africa. Its capital remained in Rome until the division of the empire in 395 AD, where it was split into the Western Roman Empire, with its capital in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire), with its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey).
The Byzantine Empire lasted for over a thousand years, beginning in 330 AD when the Roman Emperor Constantine I moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople. The empire continued until it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 AD.
The Western Roman Empire was conquered by Germanic tribes, including the Visigoths, Vandals, and Ostrogoths, who invaded Rome and its territories during the 5th century AD.