How were early New Guineans different from Australians first people
Early New Guineans were hunter-gatherers, while the first Australians were primarily nomadic hunter-gatherers. New Guineans also had a more complex social structure, with a hierarchical system of chiefs and clans. They also had a more developed system of agriculture, with the cultivation of yams, taro, and other crops. In contrast, the first Australians were largely dependent on hunting and gathering for their subsistence.
A. They were among the first people to discover farming.
This statement is incorrect. Early Australians were also among the first people in the world to discover and practice farming. The correct answer is not listed, but a more accurate answer would be: Early New Guineans had a more complex social structure and a more developed system of agriculture compared to Australia's first people, who were primarily nomadic hunter-gatherers.
Read the excerpt from an 1893 book describing the settlement of Australia and New Zealand.
“It is not necessary here to follow the complicated history of New Zealand in later years, which unfortunately comprises [includes] several bloody wars with the Maoris. The present prosperous condition of this great colony is well known, but it has not been effected without the rapid diminution [decrease in number] of the natives, who have met with the fate of most aborigines in contact with Europeans, especially when the former were naturally bold and warlike.”
—Notes on Captain Cook’s Journal
Which statement is best supported by the excerpt?
A.
The British attempt to wipe out the Maori was successful.
B.
The Maori suffered a loss of population and decline in power.
C.
The British had little trouble conquering and colonizing New Zealand.
D.
The Maori population gradually declined after Britain colonized New Zealand.
B. The Maori suffered a loss of population and decline in power.
This is the statement that is best supported by the excerpt. The passage states that the present prosperous condition of New Zealand had come with a rapid decrease in the number of natives, who have met the fate of most aborigines in contact with Europeans. The statement suggests that the Maori population suffered a decline and loss of power after the arrival of Europeans to New Zealand.
How did the geography affect how cultures developed in the Pacific island nations?
The Pacific island nations are characterized by vast distances between the islands and a scattered landmass. The Pacific is also a geologically active region, with volcanic activity and earthquakes being regular features. The geography played a critical role in how cultures developed in the Pacific island nations. Due to the vast distances between the islands, the people on each island developed their unique cultures. The lack of regular contact with other islands and the outside world allowed the people to develop distinct languages, customs, and traditions.
The geography also shaped the economies of the different Pacific island nations. The majority of the Pacific island nations are small in land area and rocky terrain surrounded by vast oceans. Their economies revolved around fishing and, to some extent, agriculture. The volcanic islands of the Pacific, such as Hawaii, Fiji, and Samoa, had better agricultural potential due to the fertile soils, and their economies were dependent on agriculture.
The geography of the Pacific island nations also indirectly influenced the trade networks and alliances that formed between different groups. The movements of the trade winds and ocean currents created natural trade networks between islands. These factors also contributed to the increased migrations and the mixing of different cultures. Overall, the geography of the Pacific island nations influenced how people lived and interacted with each other, resulting in a diverse range of cultures throughout the region.
How are the governments of Australia and the Pacific islands similar? How are they different?
Australia and the Pacific islands have some similarities and differences in their governments, as outlined below:
Similarities:
- Both Australia and the Pacific islands are democratic countries with elected governments.
- They follow the British Westminster system of government, with a parliamentary form of democracy.
- Both Australia and the Pacific islands have established legal systems based on Common Law.
- They have independent judicial systems and court systems.
- Both Australia and the Pacific islands have signed several international human rights treaties and conventions.
Differences:
- Australia is a much larger country than most Pacific islands, which are relatively small and have smaller populations.
- Australia is a federal state with a centralized government, while most Pacific islands are unitary states with a centralized government.
- The political systems of different Pacific islands are diverse, ranging from the traditional forms of governance in some cultures to modern democratic systems.
- Some Pacific islands are dependent territories of other countries or are under various forms of governance such as autonomous regions, while Australia is an independent country.
- Australia is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth, and G20, and it has significant global influence, while most Pacific islands are members of smaller regional organizations like the Pacific Islands Forum.
What was an effect of the development of long-distance navigation skills by the Polynesians?
How were early New Guineans different from Australia’s first people?
A.
They were among the first people to discover farming.
B.
They lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering.
C.
They were divided into hundreds of distinct ethnic groups.
D.
They migrated to the Pacific region from another part of the world.