The relative pronoun "that" is used with an essential clause and the relative pronoun "which" is used with a nonessential clause. In three to five sentences, explain when to use each pronoun and the difference between the two relative clauses
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To understand when to use the relative pronouns "that" and "which," it is crucial to distinguish between essential and nonessential clauses. When the information contained in a relative clause is necessary to define or identify the noun it modifies, "that" is used. This type of clause is known as an essential or restrictive clause. For example, "The book that I borrowed from the library was excellent." In this sentence, the relative clause "that I borrowed from the library" is essential because it specifies which book is being referred to.
On the other hand, when the information in a relative clause is nonessential and is not required to define or identify the noun, "which" is used. This type of clause is known as a nonessential or nonrestrictive clause. For example, "I finished reading the book, which was borrowed from the library." In this sentence, the relative clause "which was borrowed from the library" provides additional information about the book but is not necessary for understanding which book is being referred to.
The key difference between the two types of clauses is the use of commas. Nonessential clauses introduced by "which" are set off by commas, while essential clauses introduced by "that" do not require commas. This distinction is important as it can impact the meaning and clarity of a sentence. Remember that "that" is used for essential information, while "which" is used for nonessential information, often set apart with commas.
To determine whether to use "that" or "which" in a sentence, you need to identify if the clause is essential or nonessential. Essential clauses provide necessary information to identify the noun they modify. They are not set apart by commas and typically use the pronoun "that." For example, "I like the book that you recommended." Here, the clause "that you recommended" is essential to identify which book is being referred to.
On the other hand, nonessential clauses provide additional information but are not crucial to identify the noun. They are set apart by commas and often use the pronoun "which." For instance, "I like the book, which was written by my favorite author." Here, the clause "which was written by my favorite author" provides extra information about the book, but it can be omitted without changing the essential meaning of the sentence.
The key difference between the two types of clauses is the use of commas and the context they provide. Essential clauses help narrow down the noun's identification, while nonessential clauses offer additional details. Knowing this, you can apply these rules to choose between "that" and "which" correctly in your writing.