1). How might the Arctic Ocean affect the region's (Russia and the Republics) climate?
A: This ocean might affect the region's climate as its wind currents contribute to this region's climate?
That's part of it. What else?
A: This ocean might affect the region's climate as its wind currents contribute to this region's climate, as well as by its own location as it is near the North Pole?
Tell me about the Arctic Ocean's temperatures.
You can read about the Arctic Ocean's climate in this article.
http://geography.about.com/od/globalproblemsandissues/a/arcticregion.htm