Animal cells do not require a cell wall or a central vacuole to function because their structure and function are fundamentally different from plant cells.
1. Cell Wall: Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made up of cellulose which provides structural support and protection. In contrast, animal cells have a flexible cell membrane which allows them to change shape and move. The absence of a cell wall in animal cells allows for greater flexibility and versatility in their functions.
2. Central Vacuole: Plant cells have a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste products, helps maintain turgor pressure, and provides structural support. In contrast, animal cells have smaller vacuoles or none at all. Animal cells typically store substances in smaller vesicles scattered throughout the cytoplasm. The absence of a central vacuole in animal cells does not hinder their ability to function effectively.
In summary, the structural and functional differences between plant and animal cells mean that animal cells can effectively carry out their functions without a cell wall or a central vacuole.