In three to five sentences, explain why animal cells do not require a cell wall or a central vacuole for their functions.(4 points)

Animal cells have a flexible outer membrane called the plasma membrane that provides them with structure and protection. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not need additional support from a rigid cell wall. Additionally, animal cells do not require a central vacuole because they do not undergo photosynthesis or store nutrients like plant cells. Instead, animal cells rely on organelles such as lysosomes, peroxisomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum to perform specific functions.

Chloroplasts play an important role in energy production in plant cells. However, some parts of a plant, like the roots, lack chloroplasts. In one to two sentences, explain the most likely pathway for root cells to obtain energy, and identify the organelles involved

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Chloroplasts play an important role in energy production in plant cells. However, some parts of a plant, like the roots, lack chloroplasts. In one to two sentences, explain the most likely pathway for root cells to obtain energy, and identify the organelles involved.(2 points)

Animal cells do not require a cell wall because they are not subjected to the same osmotic pressure as plant cells, meaning they do not need the rigid support that a cell wall provides. Additionally, animal cells do not have a central vacuole because their primary function is to maintain homeostasis in a constantly changing internal environment, rather than storing substances like water or nutrients. Instead of a cell wall and central vacuole, animal cells rely on structures like the extracellular matrix and organelles such as lysosomes and peroxisomes to carry out their functions.