in three sentences, analyze two major challenges to newly independent states, citing one short term effect and one long-term effect
1. One major challenge facing newly independent states is the lack of infrastructure, which can lead to immediate issues such as limited access to basic services like clean water and electricity. In the long term, this lack of infrastructure can hinder economic development and limit the country's ability to compete in the global market.
2. Another major challenge is the presence of ethnic and political divisions within the newly independent states, which can lead to immediate conflicts and instability. In the long term, these divisions can result in ongoing political unrest and hinder the government's ability to effectively govern and promote national unity.