distinguish between ancestral and derived staits

Ancestral traits are characteristics that are inherited from a common ancestor and have remained relatively unchanged over time. These traits are typically shared by a group of related species.

Derived traits, on the other hand, are characteristics that have evolved or changed from the ancestral traits. These traits may have developed in response to new environmental pressures or adaptations. Derived traits are typically specific to a certain species or group of species and are not shared by all related species.