Malcolm X believed in self-defense and was a proponent of using violence as a means to fight against oppression and injustice. He famously said, "I don't call it violence when it's self-defense, I call it intelligence." However, he also later disavowed violence as a means of achieving civil rights, and advocated for a more peaceful approach to social change. Overall, his attitude towards violence evolved over time and he expressed a complex view on the issue.
