The Byzantine Empire experienced periods of both rise and fall throughout its history. Some of the key moments of rise include the reign of Emperor Justinian and the expansion of the empire's territory, as well as the Byzantine Renaissance which saw a flourishing of art, culture, and literature. However, the empire faced challenges such as invasions, internal conflicts, and economic decline which ultimately led to its gradual decline and eventual fall in 1453 with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks.
