Name the three types of spectra and explain briefly the cause of these spectra
1. Continuous spectra: Continuous spectra are emitted by hot, dense objects such as stars or incandescent light bulbs. The atoms or molecules in these objects are constantly moving and colliding, causing the emission of a wide range of wavelengths of light.
2. Emission spectra: Emission spectra are produced when atoms or molecules are excited by an external source of energy, such as heat or electricity. This causes the electrons in the atoms or molecules to jump to higher energy levels, and when they return to their ground state, they emit specific wavelengths of light. Each element has a unique emission spectrum, allowing scientists to identify elements based on the wavelengths of light they emit.
3. Absorption spectra: Absorption spectra are produced when a continuous spectrum of light passes through a medium, such as a gas or a liquid. The atoms or molecules in the medium absorb specific wavelengths of light, causing dark lines or bands to appear in the spectrum. These absorption lines are unique to the elements present in the medium, allowing scientists to identify the composition of the material.