In a study published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology in 2001, scientists were testing the endocrine disruptor hypothesis, which states that certain chemicals can interfere with hormone regulation in many organisms, leading to disorders such as the feminization of males. The scientists used juvenile fish and exposed them to either tap water or varying concentrations of treated sewage effluent (containing an array of chemicals). For this experiment, identify the control group, the treatment group, as well as the independent and dependent variables.

Question

In a study published in the journal Environmental Science and Technology in 2001, scientists were testing the endocrine disruptor hypothesis, which states that certain chemicals can interfere with hormone regulation in many organisms, leading to disorders such as the feminization of males. The scientists used juvenile fish and exposed them to either tap water or varying concentrations of treated sewage effluent (containing an array of chemicals). For this experiment, identify the control group, the treatment group, as well as the independent and dependent variables.

treatment
independent variable
dependent variable
control
concentration of treated sewage effluent
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juvenile fish exposed to sewage-treatment effluent
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juvenile fish exposed to tap water
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percentage of fish with female-like reproductive ducts

Answer 1

Control group: juvenile fish exposed to tap water

Treatment group: juvenile fish exposed to varying concentrations of treated sewage effluent
Independent variable: concentration of treated sewage effluent
Dependent variable: percentage of fish with female-like reproductive ducts