Which of the following was a reason that nationalism spread through Europe in the 1800s?
- Nationalistic uprisings and revolutions against foreign rulers
- The rise of romanticism, which emphasized the importance of national identity and culture
- The decline of empires and the growth of independent nation-states
- The spread of liberal and democratic ideas, which often promoted national self-determination
- The emergence of cultural and intellectual movements that celebrated the uniqueness of individual nations