Mining is a major global industry, but it can also cause significant environmental degradation, especially in developing countries In Papua New Guinea (PNG), mining is an important economic sector, but it has also led to environmental issues, including pollution of marine ecosystems. Discharging mine waste tailings into aquatic systems.either freshwater or the sea, can have negative impacts on the environment and human health.To address the issues with sea tailing placement (STP)a more improved technique called deep sea tailing placement (DSTP) is used, where tailings are discharged well below the sea level The Ramu Nickel-Cobalt project in PNG is a major mining operation that uses the DSTP method to dispose of its tailings. The study aims to assess the metal concentrations, acidity/pHi, and flow velocity of the tailings before discharge to determine the ecological safety of the DSTP method The Ramu Ni- Co Mine is located in the Madang Province of Papua New Guinea with the mining activities carried out at two different locations. The Kurumbukar site is where the ore mining and beneficiation take place, while the Basamuk Bay site houses the refinery plant which includes a high-pressure acid leaching facility , an acid plant, a lime plant, a power station, a wharf, a limestone quarry, and an accommodation area. Additionally, a deep-sea tailings placement (DSTP) facility is used to dispose of the tailings into the Bismarck Sea at a depth of 150 meters.The main points of the information provided are:The data for this study was directly taken from routine quality monitoring checks at the Basamuk Refinery, where samples were collected at 4-times per day or 24-hourly basis and analyzed using approved standard methods and equipment.The samples were collected from the mixing tank, the point of tailing discharge, and were analyzed in the laboratory for pH.discharge flow velocity, and heavy metal concentrations using various analytical techniques such as ICP-Ms,Discrete Analyzer, and FIMS.The metals present in the Basamuk Ni -Co refinery tailings are classified into two groups: Other Metals (Mn, Zn Ni, Co, Cu) and Toxic Heavy Metals (Cd Pb, Se, As, Ag,Hg, Cr), and their monthly average concentrations are all below the respective Environment Permit Standard Concentrations (EPSC). The concentrations of the Toxic Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb,Se, As, Ag, Hg,Cr) in the tailing water are all less than 0.01 mg/L, which is below the EPSC,suggesting that they do not pose an immediate threat to the local marine ecosystem.Here are the main points from the given information in a brief two-week format.Consisten t metal concentrations observed in the tailing effluent, indicating effective environmental compliance checks by the refinery.Discharge velocity of the tailing effluent is a critical component of the DSTP (Deep-Sea Tailing Placement) system, as it maintains the density current and minimizes plume dispersion.The daily average discharge velocities were found to be within the recommended range of 800 -2500 m/h, with a monthly average of 1270 m/h.Fluctuations in discharge velocities were observed during certain periods, which can potentially lead to plume shearing and dispersion of light tailin materials and metals. The pH analysis of the tailing effluent is essential to ensure compliance with ecological safety standards and maintain the alkalinity of the discharge.The daily pH values were found to be within the recommended range of 6.5 to 9.0, with a monthly average of 8.12, similar to the pH of seawater, indicating effective neutralization of the tailing waste. The main points of the given information are.The pH analysis of the tailing effluents from the Basamuk Refinery shows that the pH values are within the recommended range of 6.5 to 9.0 , with an average of 8.12 , indicating that the tailing waste was adequately neutralizec I to alkaline levels

Question

Mining is a major global industry, but it can also cause significant environmental degradation, especially in developing countries In Papua New Guinea (PNG), mining is an important economic sector, but it has also led to environmental issues, including pollution of marine ecosystems. Discharging mine waste tailings into aquatic systems.either freshwater or the sea, can have negative impacts on the environment and human health.To address the issues with sea tailing placement (STP)a more improved technique called deep sea tailing placement (DSTP) is used, where tailings are discharged well below the sea level The Ramu Nickel-Cobalt project in PNG is a major mining operation that uses the DSTP method to dispose of its tailings. The study aims to assess the metal concentrations, acidity/pHi, and flow velocity of the tailings before discharge to determine the ecological safety of the DSTP method The Ramu Ni- Co Mine is located in the Madang Province of Papua New Guinea with the mining activities carried out at two different locations. The Kurumbukar site is where the ore mining and beneficiation take place, while the Basamuk Bay site houses the refinery plant which includes a high-pressure acid leaching facility , an acid plant, a lime plant, a power station, a wharf, a limestone quarry, and an accommodation area. Additionally, a deep-sea tailings placement (DSTP) facility is used to dispose of the tailings into the Bismarck Sea at a depth of 150 meters.The main points of the information provided are:The data for this study was directly taken from routine quality monitoring checks at the Basamuk Refinery, where samples were collected at 4-times per day or 24-hourly basis and analyzed using approved standard methods and equipment.The samples were collected from the mixing tank, the point of tailing discharge, and were analyzed in the laboratory for pH.discharge flow velocity, and heavy metal concentrations using various analytical techniques such as ICP-Ms,Discrete Analyzer, and FIMS.The metals present in the Basamuk Ni -Co refinery tailings are classified into two groups: Other Metals (Mn, Zn Ni, Co, Cu) and Toxic Heavy Metals (Cd Pb, Se, As, Ag,Hg, Cr), and their monthly average concentrations are all below the respective Environment Permit Standard Concentrations (EPSC). The concentrations of the Toxic Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb,Se, As, Ag, Hg,Cr) in the tailing water are all less than 0.01 mg/L, which is below the EPSC,suggesting that they do not pose an immediate threat to the local marine ecosystem.Here are the main points from the given information in a brief two-week format.Consisten t metal concentrations observed in the tailing effluent, indicating effective environmental compliance checks by the refinery.Discharge velocity of the tailing effluent is a critical component of the DSTP (Deep-Sea Tailing Placement) system, as it maintains the density current and minimizes plume dispersion.The daily average discharge velocities were found to be within the recommended range of 800 -2500 m/h, with a monthly average of 1270 m/h.Fluctuations in discharge velocities were observed during certain periods, which can potentially lead to plume shearing and dispersion of light tailin materials and metals. The pH analysis of the tailing effluent is essential to ensure compliance with ecological safety standards and maintain the alkalinity of the discharge.The daily pH values were found to be within the recommended range of 6.5 to 9.0, with a monthly average of 8.12, similar to the pH of seawater, indicating effective neutralization of the tailing waste. The main points of the given information are.The pH analysis of the tailing effluents from the Basamuk Refinery shows that the pH values are within the recommended range of 6.5 to 9.0 , with an average of 8.12 , indicating that the tailing waste was adequately neutralizec I to alkaline levels

before discharge.The study concludes that the deep-sea tailing placement (DSTP) method used by the Basamuk Refinery operates in compliance with the PNG government's regulations and the physical and chemica parameters of the tailing effluents do not pose an immediate risk of marine ecological contamination although long-term environmenta Limpacts on the marine ecosystem require further study.

above are the main points writen so using the Guidelines.
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Answer 1

The article discusses the environmental impacts of mining in Papua New Guinea, specifically focusing on the Ramu Nickel- Cobalt project and its use of deep-sea tailing placement (DSTP) to dispose of tailings. The study conducted at the Basamuk Refinery found that metal concentrations in the tailing effluent were below standard levels, indicating effective environmental compliance checks. The discharge velocity of the tailing effluent was within recommended ranges, maintaining density currents and minimizing plume dispersion. pH levels in the tailing effluent were also within acceptable ranges, showing effective neutralization of waste before discharge. Overall, the DSTP method used by the Basamuk Refinery operates in compliance with regulations and poses no immediate risk of marine ecological contamination, although long-term impacts require further study.