how are elements in one category the same of different from the elements in other categories
Elements within a category share similar characteristics or properties, which differentiate them from elements in other categories. These characteristics could include physical properties such as size, shape, color, or chemical properties such as atomic number, valence electrons, or reactivity.
For example, in the periodic table, elements within the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons, while elements within the same period have similar physical properties like size and atomic mass.
On the other hand, elements in different categories will have different properties due to their unique characteristics. They may have different atomic structures, bonding behaviors, or reactivity. For example, metals and nonmetals have distinct properties such as conductivity, malleability, and brittleness that differentiate them from each other.
In summary, elements within a category are similar to each other but different from elements in other categories due to their specific properties and characteristics.