Affirmative action caused controversy in the novels because it challenged traditional notions of meritocracy and fairness. Many characters in the novels believed that affirmative action favored certain groups based on their race or gender, rather than their qualifications or abilities. This led to tensions and conflicts among characters who felt that they were being treated unfairly or discriminated against because of affirmative action policies. Additionally, some characters believed that affirmative action was necessary to address historical injustices and promote diversity, while others saw it as a form of reverse discrimination. These conflicting viewpoints and values surrounding affirmative action created tension and controversy in the novels.
