How is distance measured for longitude and latitude?
Distance on Earth is measured using a unit called degrees. Longitude lines run from the North Pole to the South Pole and are measured from 0° to 180° east or west of the Prime Meridian, which runs through Greenwich, England. Latitude lines run parallel to the Equator and are measured from 0° to 90° north or south of the Equator.
To measure the distance between two points on Earth given their latitude and longitude coordinates, the Haversine formula is commonly used. This formula takes into account the curvature of the Earth and calculates the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere.