How the author views the Forward or backward looking? The Treaty of Versailles

The author views the Treaty of Versailles as both forward-looking and backward-looking. On one hand, the treaty was a culmination of past events, specifically the end of World War I and the defeat of Germany. It aimed to hold Germany accountable for its actions during the war and prevent future conflicts by creating a system of reparations, territorial adjustments, and disarmament.

On the other hand, the treaty was also forward-looking in its attempt to create a lasting peace in Europe. By establishing the League of Nations and promoting principles of self-determination and collective security, the treaty sought to prevent future wars and promote cooperation among nations.

Overall, the author sees the Treaty of Versailles as a complex and multifaceted document that both looked back at the events of World War I and looked forward to creating a more peaceful world order.