Which of the following statements best summarizes the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance?

Changes in cultural and economic life occurred over many centuries as a result of long-lasting events.

Changes in the control of Spain and the gradual expulsion of Muslims and heretics from Europe led to renewed scholarship on Classical texts.

Changes in taxes leading to the Peasants’ Revolt caused an immediate dismantling of the feudal system.

Changes in the royal lines of England and France caused a sudden, widespread shift in cultural and economic life.

The first statement, "Changes in cultural and economic life occurred over many centuries as a result of long-lasting events," best summarizes the transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. This period was characterized by gradual changes in various aspects of society, rather than sudden and immediate shifts.