“The [collection] of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands . . . may justly be [called] the very definition of tyranny. . . .

Question

“The [collection] of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands . . . may justly be [called] the very definition of tyranny. . . .

. . . it will be proper to investigate the sense in which the [protection] of liberty requires that the three great departments of power should be separate and distinct.”

—James Madison, The Federalist Paper No. 47 (1788)

James Madison was the fourth president of the United States and one of the nation’s Founding Fathers.

Which Enlightenment thinker most likely influenced the ideas presented in this quotation by Madison?

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Answer 1

This idea by James Madison was probably influenced by an Enlightenment thinker named Montesquieu. He believed that it's not good for one person or group to have all the power in a government. Madison was saying that it's important to keep the powers of making laws, running the government, and deciding court cases separate. This way, no one can become too powerful and take away people's freedoms.

Answer 2

how were the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers influenced by the Scientific Revolution

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Answer 3

The ideas of Enlightenment thinkers were influenced by the Scientific Revolution because during that time, scientists were using logic and reason to discover new things about the world. This made people start questioning old beliefs and thinking about how things could be improved. Enlightenment thinkers were inspired by this use of reason and evidence to understand the world, and they applied these ideas to politics, society, and government. They believed that by using logic and reasoning, they could create a better world for everyone.

Answer 4

How was Adam Smiths position about the necessity of free trade and markets different from how many national economies operated during this period?

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Answer 5

Adam Smith believed that it was important for trade and markets to be free from government control. He thought that if people were allowed to buy and sell goods without restrictions, everyone would benefit. However, during his time, many countries had rules and tariffs that limited trade and protected certain industries. This was different from what Smith believed because he thought that free trade and competition would lead to more wealth and prosperity for everyone. So basically, Smith wanted less rules and more freedom in trade, while many countries at the time had more rules and restrictions.