write a an introduction on how affordable and clean energy as an external determinant can influence education systems in African countries particulary South Africa Mozambique and Ethiopia

Access to affordable and clean energy is a crucial external determinant that can greatly impact education systems in African countries, including South Africa, Mozambique, and Ethiopia. The availability of reliable and cost-effective energy sources can directly influence the quality of education by providing schools with access to modern technology, lighting, heating and cooling systems, and internet connectivity. This in turn can enhance the learning environment for students and teachers, leading to improved academic performance and overall educational outcomes. Additionally, clean energy sources such as solar and wind power can help reduce environmental pollution and support sustainability efforts, which are essential for the long-term well-being of both students and the communities in which they live. Thus, addressing the issue of affordable and clean energy can play a significant role in shaping the future of education in these African countries.