explore affordable and clean energy as an external determinant influencing the education systems of South Africa and two other developing countries.

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Affordable and clean energy is a critical external determinant that can significantly impact education systems in developing countries like South Africa, Nigeria, and India. Access to reliable energy sources is essential for powering schools, ensuring students have access to technology, and creating conducive learning environments. Here, we will explore how affordable and clean energy can influence the education systems of these three countries.

In South Africa, the education system faces challenges due to frequent power outages and unreliable energy sources. Lack of access to electricity hampers the use of technology in classrooms and affects students' ability to study at night. Affordable and clean energy solutions such as solar power could help alleviate these issues and provide a stable source of energy for schools. By investing in renewable energy, South Africa can improve the quality of education and create a conducive learning environment for students.

Similarly, Nigeria's education system also grapples with energy challenges, with many schools lacking access to electricity. This lack of energy infrastructure hinders the adoption of technology in classrooms and limits students' ability to study effectively. Affordable and clean energy solutions could help address these issues and improve the quality of education in the country. By investing in renewable energy sources, Nigeria can create a more sustainable and reliable energy system for schools, enhancing the learning experience for students.

In India, the education system also faces energy-related challenges, with many schools lacking access to reliable electricity. This hampers the use of technology in classrooms and limits students' ability to access educational resources. Affordable and clean energy solutions such as solar power could help bridge this gap and provide schools with a reliable source of energy. By investing in renewable energy infrastructure, India can improve the quality of education and create a more sustainable future for its students.

In conclusion, affordable and clean energy plays a crucial role in shaping the education systems of developing countries like South Africa, Nigeria, and India. By investing in renewable energy sources, these countries can improve the quality of education, create a conducive learning environment for students, and pave the way for a brighter future.getReference(Battke, 2015)