explore affordable and clean energy as an external determinant influencing the education systems of South Africa and two other developing countries.

Affordable and clean energy has a significant impact on education systems in developing countries such as South Africa, as it can improve access to education and create a more conducive learning environment.

1. South Africa:
In South Africa, unreliable electricity supply is a major challenge that affects the education sector. Many schools in rural areas do not have access to electricity, making it difficult for students to study after dark or access digital resources. Affordable and clean energy solutions such as solar power can help schools in these areas to have a reliable source of electricity, enabling students to continue studying even after the sun sets. This can improve educational outcomes by providing students with the tools they need to succeed.

Additionally, clean energy solutions can help reduce the carbon footprint of schools, contributing to a healthier environment for students and teachers. By incorporating solar panels or other renewable energy sources, schools can reduce their energy costs and reinvest the savings into improving educational resources and facilities.

2. India:
In India, access to electricity is also a significant challenge in many rural areas, impacting the education system. Children in these areas often have to study by dimly lit kerosene lamps or candles, which can be detrimental to their eyesight and overall well-being. Affordable and clean energy solutions such as solar power can provide a sustainable and reliable source of energy for schools, improving the learning environment for students and teachers.

Furthermore, clean energy can also help reduce air pollution in India, which is a major public health concern. By transitioning to renewable energy sources, schools can contribute to a cleaner environment and better health outcomes for students and the community as a whole.

3. Nigeria:
In Nigeria, access to electricity is another major issue affecting the education system. Many schools in rural areas do not have access to reliable electricity, which can hinder students' ability to learn effectively. Affordable and clean energy solutions such as solar power can help schools in Nigeria to overcome this challenge and provide a more conducive learning environment for students.

Moreover, clean energy can also help reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels, which can have environmental and health impacts. By investing in renewable energy sources, schools in Nigeria can contribute to a cleaner and more sustainable future for the country, while also improving the quality of education for students.

In conclusion, affordable and clean energy is an important external determinant that can positively influence education systems in developing countries such as South Africa, India, and Nigeria. By investing in renewable energy solutions, schools can improve access to education, create a healthier learning environment, and contribute to a more sustainable future for their communities.