1, By most historical accounts there was and there is massive flow of aid to the african continent in the euphemism of development assistance.despite there was and there is massive flow of aid, the continent is awash with low level of development. Elaborate the factor that accentuate for such low level development in the continent though ther was and there is large flow of aid to the continent.

There are several factors that have contributed to the low level of development in Africa, despite the massive flow of aid to the continent. Some of these factors include:

1. Mismanagement of funds: One of the key issues plaguing many African countries is the mismanagement of aid funds. Corruption and embezzlement are rampant in many African governments, resulting in a large portion of aid money being diverted away from its intended purpose.

2. Lack of accountability: In many cases, there is a lack of accountability within African governments when it comes to aid money. This lack of transparency makes it difficult to track how funds are being used and whether they are actually benefitting the citizens of the country.

3. Dependency on aid: The reliance on aid has created a culture of dependency in many African countries, where governments are more focused on securing aid money than on implementing long-term sustainable development strategies.

4. Lack of infrastructure: Many African countries lack the basic infrastructure needed to support economic development, such as reliable transportation networks, energy systems, and healthcare facilities. Without these essential structures in place, aid money can only go so far in promoting development.

5. Political instability: Political instability in many African countries has also hindered the effectiveness of aid programs. Constant changes in leadership and conflict can disrupt development projects and make it difficult for aid organizations to operate effectively.

Overall, while aid can play a crucial role in promoting development in Africa, it is essential that funds are used effectively and efficiently to address the root causes of underdevelopment in the continent. Simply providing aid without addressing these underlying issues is unlikely to lead to sustainable development outcomes.