In the years after World War II, which of the following caused many people from Asian and African countries to migrate to Europe?
1. Decolonization: The process of decolonization led to the independence of many Asian and African countries from their colonizers, prompting large-scale migrations as people sought better opportunities in Europe.
2. Labor shortages: Many European countries experienced labor shortages in the post-war period, leading them to recruit workers from Asian and African countries to help rebuild their economies.
3. Political instability and conflict: Political instability and conflict in various Asian and African countries forced many people to flee their homes and seek refuge in Europe.
4. Economic opportunities: Some people from Asian and African countries were attracted to Europe by the promise of better economic opportunities and a higher standard of living.