"Limitations of network connectivity and access
The economic and institutional shutdowns prompted by the outbreak of the COVID-
19 pandemic completely changed the teaching and learning trajectory in South
African higher education, and affected the possibility and progress of students’
learning. In our study, participant responses reflected that while national lockdown
was not solely responsible for the downturn of events, in effect it made an already
bad situation worse. Essentially, it exposed national inequalities, inefficiency of
government processes and institutional weaknesses already extant before the onset
of the pandemic. One of the main concerns raised by both students and lecturers
was the lack of digital literacy (technical skills), which is critical in higher education
globally in the 21st century".
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