compare the causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in england with the causes and effects of absolute monarchy in russia
The causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in England and absolute monarchy in Russia were influenced by different historical, political, and social factors.
In England, the cause of the establishment of constitutional monarchy was rooted in the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The conflict between the monarchy and Parliament over power and authority led to the overthrow of King James II and the establishment of a parliamentary system with limited powers for the monarchy. This resulted in the signing of the Bill of Rights, which solidified the constitutional monarchy in England. The effects of constitutional monarchy in England included the development of a more stable and democratic government, with the monarch serving as a ceremonial head of state while real political power resided in Parliament.
In contrast, the cause of the establishment of absolute monarchy in Russia was due to the consolidation of power by the Tsars, who claimed divine right to rule and centralized control over all aspects of government and society. This form of government was perpetuated by rulers such as Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great, who sought to modernize Russia and strengthen its influence in Europe. The effects of absolute monarchy in Russia included the suppression of political and civil liberties, widespread corruption, and inequality, as well as the eventual downfall of the Romanov dynasty during the Russian Revolution of 1917.
Overall, while both England and Russia experienced different forms of monarchy, the causes and effects of constitutional monarchy in England were characterized by a gradual shift towards democracy and limited government powers, while the causes and effects of absolute monarchy in Russia were marked by autocratic rule and the lack of political and social freedoms.