analyze two major challenges to newly independent states, citing one short-term effect and one long-term effect.(4 points
One major challenge to newly independent states is the establishment of a stable government. In the short term, this can lead to political instability, as different factions compete for power and resources. This can result in social unrest, violence, and economic uncertainty as the new government struggles to establish control and legitimacy.
In the long term, the lack of a stable government can result in a breakdown of law and order, hindering the state's ability to provide basic services and maintain security for its citizens. This can lead to a cycle of conflict and poverty, as the lack of effective governance hampers economic development and social progress. Additionally, a weak government can also make the state vulnerable to external influence and interference, further complicating its path to stability and sovereignty.