Explain how the caste system is structured and why it results in social inequality. (4 points)
The caste system in India is a social hierarchy that is based on hereditary groups and occupations. It is divided into four main categories: Brahmins (priests and scholars), Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers), Vaishyas (merchants and landowners), and Shudras (laborers and service providers). Below these four main categories are the Dalits, also known as untouchables, who are considered outside the caste system and face severe discrimination and social exclusion.
The caste system results in social inequality because individuals are born into a specific caste and are expected to fulfill the roles and duties assigned to them based on their caste. This restricts social mobility and opportunities for those in lower castes to improve their socio-economic status. Discrimination and prejudice are prevalent in the caste system, leading to unequal access to resources, education, employment, and social privileges. The unequal distribution of power and resources perpetuates social inequality and reinforces the dominance of higher castes over lower castes.