Having a long neck is dominant to having a short neck.

Both of Adam's parents have long necks, but Adam has a short neck.
What is the BEST explanation for why Adam has a short neck?
Three of Adam's grandparents had short necks.
Adam's father is a carrier of the recessive gene for a short neck.
Adam's mother is a carrier of the recessive gene for a short neck.
Each of Adam's parents have a recessive gene for having a short neck.

The best explanation for why Adam has a short neck is that each of his parents have a recessive gene for having a short neck. In this case, both of his parents have long necks but are carriers of the recessive gene for a short neck. If both parents pass on their recessive genes to Adam, he will inherit two copies of the short neck gene and express a short neck phenotype.