earthworms for resources, such as organic matter and nutrients, leading to a decline in native earthworm populations. As a result, their presence can disrupt nutrient cycling processes in the soil and impact the diversity and abundance of other organisms in the ecosystem. Additionally, jumping worms alter soil structure, making it more porous and less stable, which can further impact plant growth and soil erosion. Overall, the invasion of jumping worms can have significant ecological implications for forest ecosystems, potentially leading to changes in plant composition, nutrient availability, and overall ecosystem functioning.
