a
In soil uplifting and sea spray
b
By eating plants and animals
c
Via evaporation in the atmospheric phase
d
Through waste elimination and death and decomposition
a) In soil uplifting and sea spray: Soil uplifting refers to the process by which soil particles are moved upward, often due to tectonic activity or erosion. This process can release nutrients and minerals into the atmosphere. Sea spray, on the other hand, is generated when ocean waves crash against the shore, resulting in the release of salt particles into the air.
b) By eating plants and animals: Organisms obtain essential elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and others, by consuming plants and other animals. Through this process, they incorporate these elements into their own bodies.
c) Via evaporation in the atmospheric phase: Evaporation is the process by which liquid water is converted into water vapor and released into the atmosphere. During evaporation, some dissolved substances, such as salts or other minerals, can be left behind, allowing for their eventual release into the air.
d) Through waste elimination and death and decomposition: When plants and animals die or excrete waste, their bodies contain various nutrients and minerals. Decomposition, which is carried out by bacteria, fungi, and other organisms, breaks down these organic matter sources. As decomposition occurs, the nutrients and minerals are released back into the environment, becoming available for uptake by other organisms or reentering the atmosphere.