what is Topline in typography

In typography, the term "topline" refers to the horizontal alignment of the tops of the characters in a line of text. It represents the imaginary line that connects the uppermost points of the characters' capital letters, lowercase ascenders, or other ascenders (such as accents or diacritics). The topline is typically used as a reference point to establish consistent vertical positioning and alignment within a design. It helps maintain readability and visual harmony in typographic compositions.