write a lab report on acid base titration given the following;
Hcl+ NaOH-----Nacl +H2O
Title: Acid-Base Titration of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the concentration of an unknown hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution by performing an acid-base titration with a standardized sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. In this reaction, HCl reacts with NaOH to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O), according to the balanced chemical equation: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.
Materials and Methods:
1. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution of unknown concentration.
2. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution of known concentration (0.1 M).
3. Phenolphthalein indicator.
4. Burette.
5. Burette clamp.
6. Conical flask.
7. Distilled water.
8. Graduated cylinder.
9. Pipette.
Procedure:
1. The burette was rinsed with the standardized NaOH solution and then filled with it.
2. Using a pipette, 20 mL of the HCl solution was measured and transferred into a clean conical flask.
3. A few drops of phenolphthalein indicator were added to the conical flask containing the HCl solution.
4. The initial volume reading of the NaOH in the burette was recorded.
5. The NaOH solution was gradually delivered dropwise into the conical flask containing the HCl solution, while swirling the flask gently.
6. The addition of NaOH was continued until a permanent pale pink color was observed, indicating the completion of the acid-base reaction.
7. The final volume reading of the NaOH in the burette was recorded.
8. Steps 2-7 were repeated three times for accuracy and consistency.
9. The average volume of NaOH used for neutralization was calculated.
Results and Calculations:
The volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution used in each titration is given below:
Titration 1: Volume of NaOH used = __ mL
Titration 2: Volume of NaOH used = __ mL
Titration 3: Volume of NaOH used = __ mL
Average volume of NaOH used = (Volume of NaOH used in Titration 1 + Volume of NaOH used in Titration 2 + Volume of NaOH used in Titration 3) ÷ 3
Concentration of HCl solution can be calculated using the equation:
Concentration (HCl) × Volume (HCl) = Concentration (NaOH) × Volume (NaOH)
The concentration of NaOH solution is 0.1 M, and the volume of NaOH used can be obtained from the average volume calculated above. Hence:
Concentration (HCl) × 20 mL = 0.1 M × Volume (NaOH)
The concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) can be determined by solving for Concentration (HCl).
Discussion and Conclusion:
In this experiment, an acid-base titration was performed to determine the concentration of an unknown hydrochloric acid solution. By carefully neutralizing the acid with a standardized sodium hydroxide solution, the exact amount of NaOH required for neutralization was determined by observing a pale pink color using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
The average volume of NaOH required for neutralization was calculated as __ mL. Using this value along with the known concentration of the NaOH solution (0.1 M) and the volume of HCl used (20 mL), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution was determined to be ___ M.
This experiment demonstrates the principle of neutralization reactions and enables the determination of an unknown acid concentration using a standardized base solution.