a
Atmosphere
b
Biosphere
c
Geosphere
d
Hydrosphere
a. Atmosphere - The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It is composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature and climate, and it is where weather events occur.
b. Biosphere - The biosphere refers to all living organisms on Earth and their interactions with each other and their environment. It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and the ecosystems they form. The biosphere encompasses all parts of the Earth where life can exist, including terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments.
c. Geosphere - The geosphere is the solid part of the Earth, which includes the rocks, minerals, and landforms that make up the Earth's crust, mantle, and core. It encompasses mountains, valleys, oceans, continents, and everything below the Earth's surface. The geosphere is constantly changing due to geological processes such as plate tectonics, erosion, and volcanic activity.
d. Hydrosphere - The hydrosphere refers to all the water on Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, glaciers, and groundwater. It also includes water vapor in the atmosphere and moisture in the soil. The hydrosphere plays a vital role in the Earth's climate system and is involved in processes such as evaporation, precipitation, and the hydrologic cycle.