What were the causes of the American and French Revolutions?(Explain at least 2 causes) (6 points)
American Revolution (1775-1783):
1) Taxation without representation: This was a major grievance of the American colonists. They were being taxed by the British government, but they did not have any representation or say in the decisions made by the government. The British imposed several acts and taxes on the colonies, such as the Stamp Act and the Tea Act, which were met with widespread resistance and protests.
2) Desire for self-government: The colonists increasingly believed that they should have the right to govern themselves and make decisions about their own affairs. The British government's attempts to assert more control and authority over the colonies, such as through the Coercive Acts, further fueled the desire for independence. The idea of "no taxation without representation" and the belief in individual rights and liberties played a significant role in motivating the Americans to fight for independence.
French Revolution (1789-1799):
1) Economic and financial crisis: France was facing a severe economic crisis in the late 18th century, with a significant portion of its population suffering from poverty and starvation. The country's finances were in disarray due to excessive spending by the monarchy, involvement in foreign wars, and an outdated tax system that burdened the lower classes. These economic difficulties heightened social tensions and created a sense of resentment toward the ruling class.
2) Inequality and social unrest: France had a deeply hierarchical society, with the clergy and nobility enjoying significant privileges while the majority of the population lived in poverty. The ruling class was exempt from paying taxes, while the burdens fell on the commoners. This stark inequality, along with the harsh living conditions, led to widespread discontent and resentment among the lower classes. The French Revolution was fueled by the desire for political and social equality, as well as the demand for more rights and representation for all citizens.