Describe how a named micro organism will synthesize ascorbic acid
Ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C, is an essential nutrient for humans and many other animals. However, unlike humans, most microorganisms have the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid within their cells.
One example of a microorganism that can synthesize ascorbic acid is the bacterium known as Gluconobacter oxydans. This bacterium is commonly found in various natural environments, including fruits and vegetables.
The synthesis of ascorbic acid by Gluconobacter oxydans involves a series of enzymatic reactions. Firstly, the bacterium uses glucose as a carbon source. It metabolizes glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which generates NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate) as a reducing agent.
NADPH then activates an enzyme called glucose dehydrogenase. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid, producing NADP+ as a byproduct. Gluconic acid is further converted to 2-ketogluconic acid by another enzyme called gluconate dehydrogenase.
The next step involves the conversion of 2-ketogluconic acid to L-gulonolactone. This reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme known as L-gulonolactone oxidase. L-gulonolactone is an important intermediate in the synthesis of ascorbic acid.
Finally, L-gulonolactone is converted to ascorbic acid through the action of an enzyme called L-gulonolactone oxidase. This enzyme catalyzes the ring closure reaction, forming the final product, ascorbic acid.
It is important to note that different microorganisms may follow slightly different pathways and use different enzymes in the synthesis of ascorbic acid. However, the general process involves the utilization of glucose as a carbon source, generation of NADPH, and a series of enzymatic reactions to convert intermediates into ascorbic acid.
By synthesizing ascorbic acid, microorganisms like Gluconobacter oxydans can supply their cells with this essential nutrient, enabling them to thrive and survive in various environments.