3. What problem has it caused China? Was what China did really "recycling"?
The problem that importing large amounts of plastic waste has caused for China is environmental pollution and health hazards. Many recycling facilities in China were not equipped to handle the massive influx of plastic waste, leading to improper disposal methods such as incineration or dumping in landfills. This has resulted in pollution of soil, water, and air in various parts of the country. Additionally, the recycling process itself released harmful gases and chemicals, posing health risks to workers and nearby communities.
In terms of whether China's actions can be considered "recycling," it can be argued that importing plastic waste for processing does align with the idea of recycling as it involves reusing materials to produce new products. However, the adverse consequences and improper disposal methods employed by some recycling facilities in China undermine the sustainability and environmental benefits typically associated with recycling.