How is the underlined phrase in the sentence below used in the sentence?

Frustrated by the woman’s response, the border guard repeated his question.
(1 point)
Responses

as an adjective

as a noun

as an adverb

The underlined phrase "by the woman's response" is used in the sentence as an adverb, modifying the verb "frustrated." It indicates the cause or reason for the border guard's frustration.