How did advancements during the Gupta period transform mathematics?

• They invented algebra.
They created the concepts of square numbers and square roots.
• They developed a decimal system with a numeral for zero
• They made progress in metallurgy

and developed techniques for extracting and purifying metals like gold, silver, copper, and iron. This advancement in metallurgy allowed for the creation of stronger and more durable materials for construction, weaponry, and tools. This also led to improvements in the production of coins, which played a crucial role in the economy of the Gupta Empire. Additionally, the Gupta period saw advancements in astronomy, with scientists making significant contributions to understanding the movements of celestial bodies and developing more accurate astronomical calculations.