Robert agnew strain theory
Robert Agnew's strain theory is a sociological theory that posits that individuals engage in criminal behavior when they experience strain or stressors that push them towards deviant behavior. According to Agnew, the strain can result from various sources, such as the failure to achieve goals, the loss of positive stimuli, or the presence of negative stimuli.
Agnew's strain theory builds upon the earlier strain theories developed by sociologists Robert Merton and Albert Cohen. However, it adds a more nuanced understanding of the various forms of strain and their impact on individuals' behavior.
Agnew identifies three major types of strain that can lead to criminal behavior:
1. The failure to achieve positively valued goals: This occurs when individuals are unable to attain the goals they deem important, such as financial success, higher social status, or academic achievement. This strain can lead to frustration and disillusionment, pushing individuals to engage in criminal behavior as a means to attain those goals.
2. The removal of positive stimuli: This strain arises when individuals experience the loss of positive stimuli or rewards in their lives, such as the death of a loved one, the loss of a job, or the dissolution of a romantic relationship. Agnew argues that the removal of these positive stimuli can lead individuals to seek alternative sources of gratification, including criminal behavior.
3. The presence of negative stimuli: This strain occurs when individuals face situations or circumstances that they perceive as aversive or negative, such as abuse, discrimination, or victimization. Agnew argues that the presence of such negative stimuli can generate anger, resentment, or frustration, which may motivate individuals to engage in criminal behavior as a form of retaliation or escape.
Agnew's strain theory suggests that individuals are more likely to engage in criminal activity when they lack conventional coping mechanisms to deal with the strain, have access to criminal opportunities, and associate with individuals who engage in deviant behavior.
Overall, Agnew's strain theory provides a comprehensive understanding of how strain and stressors can contribute to criminal behavior and highlights the importance of addressing these strains to prevent crime effectively.