What is the difference between international and national legal frameworks in relation to inclusiveness? List and describe some examples under each.
The difference between international and national legal frameworks in relation to inclusiveness lies in the scope and application of the laws. While international legal frameworks aim to establish global standards and guidelines on inclusiveness, national legal frameworks focus on implementing and adapting these standards at a country level.
International Legal Frameworks:
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR): The UDHR, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, sets out fundamental human rights that apply universally to all individuals. It emphasizes inclusive principles such as non-discrimination, equality, and the right to participate in public affairs.
2. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): The CRPD, adopted by the United Nations in 2006, specifically addresses the rights of persons with disabilities. It promotes inclusiveness by recognizing the right to accessibility, non-discrimination, and full participation in all areas of life.
3. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): CEDAW, adopted by the United Nations in 1979, aims to eliminate discrimination against women in all spheres of life. It highlights inclusiveness by addressing issues like gender stereotypes, discrimination, and promoting equal representation and participation.
National Legal Frameworks:
1. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) - United States: The ADA, enacted in 1990, enforces inclusiveness by prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities and requiring accommodations in employment, public accommodations, and government services.
2. Equality Act 2010 - United Kingdom: The Equality Act 2010, establishes legal protection against discrimination based on various characteristics like age, disability, gender, race, religion, and sexual orientation. It promotes inclusiveness by ensuring equal access to services, employment, education, and public facilities.
3. Indian Constitution - India: The Indian Constitution, adopted in 1950, includes provisions related to inclusiveness like the right to equality, non-discrimination, and affirmative action for marginalized communities. It aims to promote social justice and inclusiveness through various laws and policies.
These are just a few examples of international and national legal frameworks emphasizing inclusiveness. The international frameworks provide overarching principles and guidance, while national frameworks enable local implementation and adaptation to suit specific societal contexts.