investigations for BPH
There are several investigations that can be conducted to diagnose and monitor benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). These investigations include:
1. Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will ask questions about the patient's symptoms and medical history, as well as conduct a physical examination. This can help identify any other potential causes for the symptoms.
2. Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): A DRE involves inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to examine the prostate gland for any abnormalities. The doctor can check for an enlarged prostate or any lumps or nodules.
3. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: A blood test that measures the level of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate gland. Elevated levels of PSA can indicate BPH or other prostate conditions, including prostate cancer.
4. Urine Flow Study: Also known as uroflowmetry, this test measures the rate at which urine flows out of the bladder. It helps determine if BPH is causing urinary flow problems.
5. Post-void Residual Volume (PVR) Measurement: This test measures how much urine remains in the bladder after urination. It helps assess bladder emptying and can indicate if BPH is causing incomplete bladder emptying.
6. Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS): In this procedure, a small ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum to create images of the prostate gland. It helps evaluate the size, shape, and condition of the prostate.
7. Cystoscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera (cystoscope) into the urethra to examine the bladder and prostate. It can help identify any blockages or other issues.
8. Urodynamic Testing: These tests assess how well the bladder and urethra are functioning during urination. They measure bladder capacity, pressure, and the flow of urine to determine the severity of BPH-related urinary problems.
It is important to note that the specific investigations recommended may vary depending on the individual patient's symptoms and history. The doctor will determine which investigations are necessary for each case.