The caus for the signing of the hewett treaty or adwa treaty of 1884 was
The cause for the signing of the Hewett Treaty, also known as the Treaty of Adwa, in 1884 was the conflict between the Ethiopian Empire and the invading force from Italy led by General Oreste Baratieri.
Italy had ambitions of establishing a colony in Ethiopia and saw the weak Ethiopian Empire as an opportunity to expand their influence in Africa. In 1884, Italian forces occupied the disputed territory of Bogos in northern Ethiopia, which directly threatened Ethiopian sovereignty.
Emperor Yohannes IV of Ethiopia opposed the Italian occupation and fought against their expansion. However, in March 1889, Emperor Yohannes IV was killed in battle. His death led to a power vacuum and internal struggles for succession in Ethiopia.
Recognizing this vulnerability, the Italians saw an opportunity to achieve their colonial ambitions through negotiations rather than military force. In 1884, Italian diplomat and commander Antonelli di Giulio Cesare Hewett approached Emperor Menelik II, who eventually succeeded Yohannes IV, and proposed a treaty.
The Treaty of Adwa was signed on October 26, 1884, and it recognized Italian claims to Bogos. However, it also stipulated that Italy must respect Ethiopian sovereignty and that Ethiopian subjects should be protected in Italian-controlled areas. The treaty aimed to serve as a means to prevent further conflict and stabilize the region.
However, the treaty didn't last long, as tensions between Ethiopia and Italy continued to escalate. Eventually, the conflict culminated in the Battle of Adwa in 1896, where Ethiopian forces, under Menelik II's leadership, decisively defeated the Italian army. This victory ensured Ethiopian independence and ended Italy's aspirations of establishing a colony in Ethiopia.