which states were considered the "buffer states" created after the congress of vienna
The buffer states that were created after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 were:
1. Kingdom of the Netherlands: Created by combining the former Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands (modern-day Belgium) to act as a buffer between France and Prussia.
2. Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia: Expanded to include Genoa and Nice as a buffer between France and Austria.
3. Kingdom of Bavaria: Expanded to act as a buffer between France and Austria.
4. Kingdom of Hanover: Created as a buffer between France and Prussia.
5. Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: Created as a buffer between France and Prussia.
6. Kingdom of Saxony: Allowed to retain its independence as a buffer between Prussia and Austria.
These buffer states were established to ensure a balance of power between the major European powers and to prevent any one power from becoming too dominant.