They should lead by example.
They were equal with others in society.
They were not from the royal class.
They should defer to clan rulers who led noble families.
Confucianism taught that rulers should lead by example and set a virtuous and moral standard for their subjects to follow. They were not considered equal with others in society but were expected to fulfill their responsibilities and duties towards their subjects. Rulers were typically from the royal class or held positions of power and authority, and they were not required to defer to clan rulers or noble families. Their legitimacy as rulers stemmed from their moral character and ability to govern effectively.
